In order to find density backbone quickly and improve the accuracy of high-dimensional data clustering results, a new algorithm for fast recognition of high-density backbone was put forward, which was named Efficient CLUstering based on density Backbone (ECLUB) algorithm. Firstly, on the basis of defining the local density of object, the high-density backbone was identified quickly according to the mutual consistency of k-nearest neighbors and the local density relation of neighbor points. Then, the unassigned low-density points were divided according to the neighborhood relations to obtain the final clustering. The experimental results on synthetic datasets and real datasets show that the proposed algorithm is effective. The clustering results of Olivetti Face dataset show that, the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) and Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) of the proposed ECLUB algorithm is 0.8779 and 0.9622 respectively. Compared with the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, Clustering by Fast search and find of Density Peaks (CFDP) algorithm and CLUstering based on Backbone (CLUB) algorithm, the proposed ECLUB algorithm is more efficient and has higher clustering accuracy for high-dimensional data.